Jaxen CNC Electrical Documentation

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All the controller hardware is located in an electrical panel on the wall beside the mill.

There are four Mean Well power supplies:

• NDR-480-48 (x2): Provide 48V, 10A DC to the stepper/servo drivers (blue modules marked Motor Z/A and Motor X/Y).
  • These deliver the high-power DC that actually runs the motors.
• MDR-60-24: Provides 24V DC for control electronics (like relays, sensors, and logic boards).
• MDR-60-5: Provides 5V DC for logic-level components (controller board, encoders, or optoisolators).

For all power supplies:

• Mains power (120VAC) enters at the bottom terminals (Earth/N/Line).
• DC outputs (+V and –V) comes out the top for motor drivers, controller boards, etc.

The blue modules marked X, Y, A, and black module Z, are stepper/servo motor drivers.

• Function: Convert low-level step/direction/enable signals from the controller into high-power pulses for the motors.
• Each axis has its own driver.
• Wiring:
  • Signal side (green connectors): Receives Step (Red), Dir (White), Ena (Green) from the motion controller.
  • Power side: Fed by 48V from the NDR-480 supplies.
  • Motor outputs: Four heavy wires going to each motor coil.
  • Rotary encoder inputs: see Motor (XY) Rotary Encoder Pinouts below

Summary The HSS57 Hybrid Servo Driver controls the X and Y axis motors on the Jaxen CNC. Powered by the Mean Well 48V supplies, they accept step/dir signals from the AXBB-E motion controller and uses encoder feedback to guarantee position accuracy. This closed-loop setup improves reliability compared to open-loop stepper drivers.

** Key Features **

• Closed-loop stepper control with encoder feedback
• Prevents lost steps and provides stall detection
• Alarm output via ALM pins
• Uses standard Step/Dir interface (compatible with AXBB-E controller)
• Optimized for NEMA 23/24 closed-loop stepper motors

Motor (XY) Rotary Encoder Pinout

NOTE: Disconnected encoder wires will cause the driver to go into alarm state, becuase it detects the mismatch. See LED states.

Motor (XY) Rotary Encoder Cable Color Mapping

The installed 6-wire cable uses three identical black conductors. They are correctly landed on EA−, EB−, and EGND but should be labeled to avoid confusion.

Photos of X,Y and A Servo Drivers

HSS57 Hybrid Servo Driver

The HSS57 is a hybrid servo driver used to control the X and Y axis closed-loop stepper motors on the Jaxen CNC mill. It drives the 57HSE2N-D25 motors with encoder feedback, ensuring reliable closed-loop operation.

HSS57 driver datasheet

Device Identification

• Model: HSS57
• Type: Hybrid Servo Driver (closed-loop stepper controller)
• Voltage Range: 24–50 VDC
• Control Interface: Step/Dir inputs
• Feedback: Encoder input (closed-loop control)

This driver is designed for closed-loop stepper motors (sometimes called “servo steppers”). It prevents lost steps by correcting position via encoder feedback.

Connections

Motor (4 terminals)

• A+, A–
• B+, B–

Encoder (6 terminals)

• VCC
• EGND
• EA+, EA–
• EB+, EB–

Control Inputs/Outputs (12 terminals)

• ENA+, ENA– : Enable input
• DIR+, DIR– : Direction input
• PUL+, PUL– : Step pulse input
• ALM+, ALM– : Alarm output (fault status)

Pulse/Rev Table (Microstepping)

DIP switches SW3–SW6 set the resolution (controller pulses per motor revolution): X and Y currenltly set for 10000 Pulses/Rev

* Lower values = coarser steps, higher speed * Higher values = finer steps, smoother motion, higher resolution

Alarm LED Meanings

The red status LED indicates if the driver is in an error state. The error can usually be cleared by power cycling, but you should know what caused it so you can prevent causing issues in the future.

In addition to the LED, the ALM+/- pins will close when there is an alarm; they are normally open.

• Off: No alarm.
• 1 flash: Over current on motor windings, or inter-phase short circuit.
• 2 flash: Over voltage (possibly open circuit on windings?).
• 3 flash: Motor and control and encoder large difference.

MA860H Stepper Driver (Z axis)

Photos of Z Servo Driver

The MA860H is a digital stepper motor driver used to control the Z axis on the Jaxen CNC mill. It is designed for high-torque NEMA 34 stepper motors and provides microstepping, current control, and high-voltage operation.

MA860H driver manual (PDF)

Summary The MA860H powers the Z-axis stepper motor on the Jaxen CNC. It runs at 6.0 A RMS, half-current hold, with 10,000 steps/rev microstepping, providing smooth motion and strong holding torque. It interfaces with the AXBB-E controller via standard Step/Dir signals.

Key Features

• High-voltage, high-current driver for large stepper motors (NEMA 34 class)
• Microstepping up to 1/128 (40,000 pulses/rev)
• Automatic idle current reduction (via SW4)
• Step/Dir/Enable compatible with AXBB-E motion controller
• Used exclusively for the Z axis on the Jaxen CNC

Device Identification

• Model: MA860H
• Type: 2-phase digital stepper driver
• Voltage Range: 18–80 VAC or 24–110 VDC
• Control Interface: Step/Dir inputs
• Microstepping Resolution: Up to 40,000 pulses/rev
• Peak Current Output: Up to 7.2 A

Signal Inputs

All stepper drivers use the same standard binary-state 3 control signals:

• DIR+ / DIR– : Direction control input
• PUL+ / PUL– : Step pulse input
• ENA+ / ENA– : Enable input

(Inputs accept +5V to +24V logic.)

Motor Outputs

• A+, A– : Motor phase A
• B+, B– : Motor phase B

Power Supply

• AC ~ terminals : 18–80 VAC input
• DC terminals : 24–110 VDC input

DIP Switch Configuration Your current switch settings: SW1 = 0, SW2 = 0, SW3 = 0, SW4 = 0, SW5 = 0, SW6 = 1, SW7 = 0, SW8 = 0

• Motor Current Setting (SW1-SW3 = 000): 6.0 A RMS / 7.2 A peak maximum current
• Idle Current (SW4 = 0): Half-current hold mode (reduced current when idle)
• Microstep Resolution (SW5-SW8 = 0100): 10,000 pulses/rev (≈ 1/50 microstepping for a 1.8° stepper)

The AXBB-E (CNCdrive) is the central brain. Pic below.

• Function: Interfaces between UCCNC on your PC (via Ethernet) and the motor drivers, limit switches, and I/O.
• Ports:
  • Port 1 (Isolated Outputs): Sends step/dir/ena signals to the motor drivers.
  • Port 2 (Isolated Inputs): Reads signals from limit switches, homing switches, estop, etc.
  • Port 3 (Non-Isolated Inputs/Outputs): General-purpose inputs/outputs.
  • 24V/5V Power In: Supplied from the Mean Well MDR units.
• Status LEDs show link, power, and I/O states.

AXBB-E Controller and Breakout Board Users Guide

The smaller green PCB to connected to left of Ethernet Motion Controller(near orange terminal blocks):

• Expands I/O from the AXBB-E.
• Provides screw terminals for clean connection of inputs (limit switches, probe, estop) and outputs (coolant pump, spindle relay, etc.).
• Optoisolated for noise protection.

Example setup of Ethernet Controller and Breakout I/O Board NOTE Jaxen deviates from this example drawing in many places! See updated drawing.

Jaxen Mill (Grizzly + King base) uses stepper motors on X, Y, Z. There is a fourth driver 'A', that could run a rotary or 4th axis. These receive power and control via the drivers.

X and Y axis Motors

** XY Motor Identification**

• Model: 57HSE2N-D25
• Type: Hybrid stepper motor with integrated encoder
• Manufacturer: JSS Motor (as labeled on the tag: “JSS MOTOR NO:201701”)

** XY Motor Leads**

• The motor side has the usual 4-lead bipolar wiring:
• A+ = Red
• A- = Green
• B+ = Yellow
• B- = Blue

This means it’s a 2-phase, bipolar stepper.

** XY Encoder Leads**

• The encoder provides feedback for closed-loop control:
• EA+ = Black
• EA- = Blue
• EB+ = Yellow
• EB- = Green
• VCC = Red (supply power for encoder, usually 5 V)
• EGND = White (encoder ground)

Typical Wiring Diagram

This is a standard quadrature encoder setup (channels A and B), giving the controller both position and direction feedback.

** XY Typical Specifications (based on 57HSE2N series)** While exact numbers vary slightly by supplier, the 57HSE2N-D25 generally matches:

• XY axis are closed-loop stepper motors—sometimes marketed as servo-stepper hybrids—which combine the simplicity of stepper drive with the position assurance of encoder feedback.

Function in Your CNC (Jaxen)

• X Axis Motor: Moves the table left/right (long axis).
• Y Axis Motor: Moves the table front/back (short axis).
• Both motors receive step/dir signals from the CNCdrive AXBB-E motion controller via the blue motor drivers you showed earlier.

The encoders feed back position to the drivers, enabling stall detection and correction, preventing lost steps.

Z Axis Motor not documented

Summary: The 57HSE2N-D25 motors on your Grizzly/Jaxen CNC are NEMA 23 closed-loop stepper motors with encoders. They provide about 2–2.5 Nm torque, run at ~4–5 A/phase, and are driven by your 48 V Mean Well PSU through dedicated stepper drivers. Their integrated encoders make the system far more reliable than open-loop steppers.

Limit Switch Configuration

Jaxen CNC uses one limit switch per axis (X, Y, Z). Each switch is mounted at the home end of travel for its axis. UCCNC manages the opposite end of travel via soft limits. If any limit switch is triggered during machining, motion stops immediately on all axes.

Physical Layout

• X Axis → Limit switch at the X− end (left side when facing the machine).
• Y Axis → Limit switch at the Y− end (front of the table).
• Z Axis → Limit switch at the Z+ end (top of head travel).

Each switch is wired into the controller as both a homing switch and a limit switch.

Function in UCCNC

• During homing, the axis moves toward the limit switch until it triggers, then backs off to establish machine zero.
• During normal operation, the same switch acts as a hardware limit in that direction.
• The opposite end of travel is protected using software soft limits, defined in UCCNC machine setup.

These limit switches are connected through a dedicated Creltek RJ-11 Sensor Breakout Board v2.1 for safety and homing. This board consolidates up to 8 limit switch inputs into RJ-11 connectors, making wiring cleaner and reducing electrical noise from motors and power electronics.

• Each axis (X, Y, Z) has independent limit switches routed through the breakout board.
• Output signals can be wire-OR’d, allowing multiple switches per axis if needed.
• The breakout board is wired into the AXBB-E motion controller.
• Designed for reliability in CNC environments with high electrical interference.

• Creltek Datasheet: Creltek RJ-11 Sensor Breakout v2.1 Datasheet

The spindle position and speed are monitored using a rotary encoder mounted at the top of the green spindle assembly.

Function

• Spindle encoder provides real-time spindle speed feedback to the motion controller (AXBB-E). The encoder ensures that the control system knows the actual spindle RPM and rotational position.
• In theory, this allows for advanced machining operations where tool motion must be precisely synchronized with spindle rotation, using the index pulse (Z).
  • Rigid tapping
  • Thread cutting
  • Accurate spindle homing

However, from observations of Jaxen's spindle at lower speeds, the speed is very hard to control when less than 150 RPM. This may be possible to overcome with PID tuning, but it's possible that the existing motor is inherently too non-linear to be used for this purpose.

Device Identification

• Model: E38S6G5-600Z
• Type: Incremental rotary encoder
• Body size: 38 mm diameter
• Mounting: Solid shaft, direct-coupled to spindle

Specifications

• Resolution: 2400 pulses per revolution (PPR) NOTE see calculations below.
• Channels: A, B (quadrature) + Z (index pulse, 1 per revolution)
• Supply voltage: 5–24 VDC
• Output type: Line driver / push-pull TTL (depending on wiring)
• Shaft: Solid, 6 mm or 8 mm diameter (variant dependent)
• Output signals: Differential A, B, Z

Pulse per rev mapping:

Notice that the encoder is not actually on the same shaft as the encoder! There is a 13:9 ratio between the motor shaft (with encoder) and the actual spindle.

So, to make UCCNC control the actual spindle speed, the encoder resolution needs to be scaled according to this ratio.

2400 pulsePerRev * 3 / 5 = 1440 pulsePerRev

2400 pulsePerRev * 9 / 13 = 1661.54 pulsePerRev

This also means that the index pin is not actually accurate, and could be removed.

Link to similar encoder, but not exactly the one used in Jaxen:

• Example Rotary Encoder

https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/24635331/cnc-spindle-control-upgrade-kit-little-machine-shop

The E-Stop system is simply a normally closed loop circuit that runs from the 24V supply. There are 2 Emergency stop buttons on Jaxen than cut this loop. The loop powers 2 loads: the spindle solid-state power relay, and the input pin for the motion controller to detect if the E-Stop signal is OK.

A future addition could add another relay that kills power to the motor drivers.

MY20-20-2 CNC Automatic Tool Sensor Gauge

• UCCNC software (Windows 10) generates the motion control stream.
• Sends commands (steps/directions) over Ethernet to the AXBB-E.
• The AXBB-E translates them into hardware pulses for the drivers.
• Operator inputs (limit switches, estop, spindle control) feed back to UCCNC via the AXBB-E.

• Mains AC → Power Supplies → Provide 48V (motors), 24V (control), 5V (logic).
• PC running UCCNC → Ethernet → AXBB-E Motion Controller.
• AXBB-E Outputs → Step/Dir/Ena → Motor Drivers (X, Y, Z, A).
• Motor Drivers → High-voltage pulses → Stepper Motors.
• AXBB-E Inputs ← Limit switches, estop, home sensors.
• Optional: Outputs control spindle, coolant, etc.