This module will familiarize you with the parts of the CNC, their functions, and how they interact to perform machining tasks.
Spindle: The spindle is the rotating component that holds the cutting tool. It is driven by a motor and can operate at variable speeds depending on the material and tooling requirements. Its speed and torque are controlled by a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD). Tools are attached with an ER11 collet (elastic retention; a precise, self-locking, spring-loaded design which comes in a variety of sizes).
Control Panel or Computer: The control panel is used to input commands, control movement, and manage spindle speed. It allows operators to interface with the machine, making it possible to execute and modify machining operations. Ours is a virtual control panel in the Mach3 software.
Axes: CNC machines move along multiple axes, usually designated as X, Y, and Z. These axes allow for precise positioning of the cutting tool in relation to the workpiece. Some CNC machines have additional axes, enabling more complex machining by rotating the workpiece or toolhead.
Bed/Table: The machine bed or table is the surface where the workpiece is secured during machining. Proper mounting and securing of the workpiece are crucial to prevent movement during operation.
Workholding Devices: Clamps, vices, or adhesives can be used to secure the workpiece to the bed. Proper workholding ensures stability, accuracy, and safety during machining. Different workholding methods can enable different machining strategies.
Dust Collection: To minimize airborne particles and maintain a clean workspace, dust collection is used to remove material debris generated during machining.
Coolant: During prolonged machining, the spindle gets very hot. There is a water tank and small pump on the floor beside the machine, with two hoses leading to the spindle, to keep it cool during operation. Be sure it is operating properly and filled with distilled water before cutting.